Chilean wine may be considered new world, but the Chilean wine history dates back to the 16th century. Chile is now the fifth largest export of wine in the world and the ninth largest producer. The grapes that thrive in this country are Cabernet, Merlot, and Carmenere. The latter was once thought to be an extinct Bordeaux grape. Chile has also managed to remain free of the phylloxera louse, meaning the grape vines are all grown on their original stock.