Carignan is a red wine grape that most believe originated in Spain in the Aragon region. Carignan was later transplanted to Sardinia, Italy, Algeria, France, and the majority of the New World. Carignan was considered to be one of the predominant grapes that was responsible for France’s wine lake. Wine regions and vineyards in California rarely use Carignan to produce varietal wines, but some old vines do exist. Carignan is used in Australia as the main component for blended wines. Carignan was crossed with Cabernet Sauvignon producing Ruby Cabernet. Because of its upright growth pattern, it can be grown without the use of a trellis. Historically a component of the neighboring region Rioja, Carignan gained popularity in Algeria and was the leading export to France. When Algeria gained independence in 1962, the Carignan wine supply was cut off and wine growers began to plant Carignan vines in southern France. Carignane became the most widely planted vine in France in 1988 with 167,000 hectares of Carignan. The Carignan vine can produce large yields, nearly 11 tons per acre, and a high sensitivity to grape worms, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and rot. The Carignan grape buds late and ripens in a warm climate, which is mandatory for full ripeness.